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Although the University was founded in 1910, there have been traces of its beginnings since the XVI century, and is considered as one of the more prestigious learning centers in the Spanish-speaking world. The University campus is located in the southern suburb of Coyoacan, in Mexico City; over a rocky and multilevel landscape that helped to define the final purpose of the architectural spaces.

Among its principal buildings are: the Rector Tower –which boasts exterior murals by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siquieros-, the Library, the Medicine and Engineering Faculties and the Olympic Stadium –constructed in 1956 and where the 1968 Olympic Games took place.

Designed by the Mexican architects Mario Pani and Enrique del Moral, the University Campus architectural features and urban plan remain a vivid expression of the post-modernist revolutionary ideas of the twentieth century and its harmonious blend with the pre-colonial Mexican traditions. More than sixty engineers, architects and artists worked together to create such an example of an excellent relationship between art and architecture. Amongst them were two of the greatest figures in the Latin-American muralist movement: Siqueiros and Diego Rivera.

The National Autonomous University of Mexico has been the second architectural site of the modern era designated world heritage by UNESCO. In 2004, the house and studio of architect Luis Barragan, built in 1948 in a popular neighborhood of Mexico City called Tacubaya, was registered as a world heritage place.